Zawada et al has demonstrated that growth hormone is a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. In experiments with growth hormone knockouts, he found that there are "significant sexual dimorphic differences in mitochondrial biogenesis markers including a decrease of PGC-1a, AMPk, SIRT1 and Nrf2 in brains of females compared to males. In kidneys, AMPk and SIRT1 were lower in females." You may recognize that I have written about all of these proteins in the past in relation to environmental illnesses. Now, I wonder if this sexual dimorphism in mitochodrial biogenesis can account for any of the gender differences that are seen in the prevalence of conditions such as CFS? (Bell)
Gene expression of key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis is sex dependent in mice with growth hormone receptor deletion in liver. Aging, Vol. 7, No. 3. (March 2015), pp. 195-204 by Ilona Zawada, Michal M. Masternak, Edward O. List, et al. http://www.citeulike.org/user/kimberlykramer2015/article/13579428
ME/CFS as a Mitochondrial Disease Prohealth (26 April 2006) by David S. Bell, MD. http://www.prohealth.com/library/showarticle.cfm?libid=13611
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